Says what characters to recognize as valid codes in your data file, together with CODES=. Characters in your data not included in CODES= or CODERANGE= are given the MISSCORE= value. The highest category number 32767. CODERANGE= can be up to 4,000 characters long. If CODES= and CODERANGE= are both specified, then the data are matched to CODES= first. CODES= can be rescored. CODERANGE= cannot be rescored or keyed. Do not use CODERANGE= with KEY=, IVALUE=

 

 

Examples from CODES= rewritten for CODERANGE=.

 

Example 1: A test has four response choices. These are "1", "2", "3", and "4". All other codes in the data file are to be treated as "item not administered". Each response uses 1 column in your data file. Data look like: 134212342132.3212343221

   XWIDE=1  one character wide (the standard)

   CODERANGE=1-4

 

Example 2: There are four response choices. Each response takes up 2 columns in your data file and has leading 0's, so the codes are "01", "02", "03" and "04". Data look like: 0302040103020104040301

   XWIDE=2  two characters wide

   CODERANGE=1-4  ; 01 is 1, 02 is 2, 03 is 3, 04 is 4.   

 

Example 3: There are four response choices entered on the file with leading blanks, so that codes are " 1", " 2", " 3", and " 4". Data look like: 3 2 4 2 1 3 2

XWIDE=2  two characters wide

CODERANGE=1-4  ; 1 is 1, 2 is 2, 3 is 3, 4 is 4.

 

Example 4: Your data is a mixture of both leading blanks and leading 0's in the code field, e.g. "01", " 1", " 2", "02" etc. The numerical value of a response is calculated, where possible, so that both "01" and " 1" are analyzed as 1.

Data look like:  02 1 20102 1 2 01

XWIDE=2  two characters wide

CODERANGE=1-4

 

Example 5: Your valid data are 1,2,3,4,5 and your missing data codes are 7,8,9 which you want reported separately on the distractor tables.

 CODES = 789

 NEWSCORE = XXX ; missing values scored with non-numeric values

 CODERANGE= 1-5 ; data matched to CODERANGE= cannot be rescored

 

Example 6-8 must use CODES= (non-numeric codes)

 

Example 9: The valid responses are percentages in the range 00 to 99.

 XWIDE = 2  two columns each percent

 CODERANGE= 0-99

also recommended:

 ISRANGE = *

 1 0 99 ; defines the full range of the rating scale, regardless of the data

 *

 SFUNCTION=4 ; defines a smooth function for the Rasch-Andrich thresholds

 

Example 10: Codes are in the range 0-254.

 XWIDE=3 ; 3 characters per response: 

 CODERANGE= 0-254

also recommended:

 ISRANGE = *

 1 0 254 ; defines the full range of the rating scale, regardless of the data

 *

 SFUNCTION=4 ; defines a smooth function for the Rasch-Andrich thresholds

 

Example 11 must use CODES= (numeric codes are rescored)

 

Example 12: Codes in the range 0 - 1000.

 XWIDE=4 ; 4 characters per response

 CODERANGE= 0-1000

also recommended:

 ISRANGE = *

 1 0 1000 ; defines the full range of the rating scale, regardless of the data

 *

 SFUNCTION=4 ; defines a smooth function for the Rasch-Andrich thresholds